See also African literature#Oral literature OratoryOratory or the art of public speaking “was for long considered a literary art”.[3] From Ancient Greece to the late 19th century, rhetoric played a central role in Western education in training orators, lawyers, counselors, historians, statesmen, and poets.[28][note 1] WritingFurther information: History of writing Limestone Kish tablet from Sumer …
The earliest known Greek writings are Mycenaean (c.1600–1100 BC), written in the Linear B syllabary on clay tablets. These documents contain prosaic records largely concerned with trade (lists, inventories, receipts, etc.); no real literature has been discovered.[50][51] Michael Ventris and John Chadwick, the original decipherers of Linear B, state that literature almost certainly existed in …
transmission of folklore, mythologies as well as scriptures in ancient India, in different Indian religions, was by oral tradition, preserved with precision with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques.[17 The early Buddhist texts are also generally believed to be of oral tradition, with the first by comparing inconsistencies in the transmitted versions of literature from …
Oral literature is an ancient human tradition found in “all corners of the world”.[15] Modern archaeology has been unveiling evidence of the human efforts to preserve and transmit arts and knowledge that depended completely or partially on an oral tradition, across various cultures: The Judeo-Christian Bible reveals its oral traditional roots; medieval European manuscripts are …
The German newspaper Vossische Zeitung of 25 February 1839 contained an article entitled Photographie, discussing several priority claims – especially Henry Fox Talbot’s – regarding Daguerre’s claim of invention.[7] The article is the earliest known occurrence of the word in public print.[8] It was signed “J.M.”, believed to have been Berlin astronomer Johann von Maedler.[9] …
Several people may have coined the same new term from these roots independently. Hércules Florence, a French painter and inventor living in Campinas, Brazil, used the French form of the word, photographie, in private notes which a Brazilian historian believes were written in 1834.[5] This claim is widely reported but is not yet largely recognized …
Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure. With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent …
Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating durable images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for …
The use of the term “literature” here is a little problematic because of its origins in the Latin littera, “letter,” essentially writing. Alternatives such as “oral forms” and “oral genres” have been suggested but the word literature is widely used.[12] Australian Aboriginal culture has thrived on oral traditions and oral histories passed down through tens …
Developments in print technology have allowed an ever-growing distribution and proliferation of written works, which now includes electronic literature. DefinitionsDefinitions of literature have varied over time.[9] In Western Europe, prior to the 18th century, literature denoted all books and writing. Literature can be seen as returning to older, more inclusive notions, so that cultural studies, …